FRAM Application for Analysis of the Concept of eVTOL Operation in Urban Centers: Challenges and Risks

• João Guilherme Fowler
• Daniella Castro Fernandes
• Moacyr Machado Cardoso Júnior

Aeronautic Institute of Technology

Evento

XXI SITRAER – Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, 2024

Volume

Anais do XXI Simpósio de Transporte Aéreo – SITRAER 2024 · ISBN 978-65-272-1008-5 · DOI 10.29327/xxi-sitraer-2024

Páginas

475–483

Editora

Even3 Publicações

Editores

Francisco Heber Lacerda de Oliveira, Fabiano Rocha, Giovanna Miceli Ronzani Borille, Evandro José da Silva, Mauro Caetano

Abstract

This article explores the application of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in assessing the operational concept of Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles in urban environments. The study investigates the challenges and risks associated with urban mobility, focusing particularly on the potential impact of eVTOLs as an innovative mode of transportation. The increasing interest in autonomous or piloted aerial vehicles stems from the growing demand for air transport and the imperative to reduce CO2 emissions. The article aims to provide qualitative analysis of operational risks associated with eVTOLs in urban settings. By adopting the FRAM methodology proposed by Hollnagel (2004; 2012), the study seeks to comprehensively understand interactions within sociotechnical systems and identify emerging failures that could compromise safety and operational efficiency. While these vehicles offer cost reduction, operational efficiency, and environmental sustainability benefits, they also pose challenges in terms of safety, reliability, decision-making, and societal acceptance. Studies underscore the need to balance the advantages of aerial vehicles with the complexities of urban infrastructure and existing air traffic management systems. The Concept of Operations (CONOPS) was defined through literature review. Using a standardized scenario, the operation was modeled using FRAM and function abstraction at different hierarchical levels. Findings highlight the importance of integrating diverse stakeholders and addressing uncertainties in urban air mobility planning. In conclusion, applying FRAM to assess the operational concept of eVTOLs provides a holistic perspective on the challenges and opportunities of integrating advanced aerial vehicles into urban transportation systems. By comprehending the intricate interactions within sociotechnical systems, stakeholders can make informed decisions to enhance safety, efficiency, and sustainability in future urban air mobility initiatives

Keywords: FRAM; Risk Assessment; Transportation; Ergonomics; Urban Mobility